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We can
confidently say no in answering this question. In our
discussion of
whether or not Jesus is the source
of creation we noted that within the book
of Hebrews the author took a number of Old Testament
passages and applied them to Jesus. These passages were
originally applied to numerous individuals, including
Solomon and Isaiah. In examining these it is
abundantly clear that the intent was never to equate these
individuals with the Messiah.
A prime
example of this is found in Matthew 21:16. In context we
find that children were giving praise to Jesus. The chief
priest and the scribes ask Jesus if he should not rebuke
them for their praise of him, and Jesus then quotes Psalm
8:2: “Did
you never read, ‘Out of the mouth of babes and
sucklings You have perfected praise?’”
Looking
to the original context of Psalm 8:2 we find that the
person being spoken of was God. Consider the full passage
within its original context.
Psalm
8:1 O Jehovah, our Lord, how majestic is Your name in
all the earth; You have set Your glory above the
heavens! 2 Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings, You
have ordained strength, because of the ones distressing
You, to cause the enemy and the avenger to cease.
Clearly
Jehovah, the Almighty, is the one referenced in the
original passage. Jesus takes the “you” that was applied
to Jehovah and applies it to himself. If any passage were
to equate him with God Almighty this would be it.
Nevertheless, in context, the passage does no such thing.
If we
read all of Psalm 8 we come across verse 5, which also has
Messianic fulfillment. In this text we read: “You made
him a little lower than the gods.” The “you” in the
context remains Jehovah while the “him” is shown by the
author of Hebrews to be the Messiah. This text is quoted
in Hebrews 2 and applied Messianically, with God being the
one to make him lower than the gods, the angels.
While
Jesus took the text of Psalm 8:2 and applied it to
himself, he was not the “you” in the original context.
Jesus could not be both the “you” and the “him” within the
single sentence found within verse 5. Jesus was quoting a
passage that was originally applied to God and applying it
to himself. He was doing this not because he was God, but
because the language that was applied to God was also
applicable to him in the way that he was using it.
This
point is well highlighted by Albert Barnes: “It is not
affirmed, however, in either place, that it had an
original reference to the times of the Messiah, or that it
was meant, as used by the psalmist, to denote that
children would be employed in the praise of God. The
language sufficiently expressed the idea which the Saviour
meant to convey; and the principle or great truth involved
in the psalm was applicable to the use which he made of
it.”
We have
discussed but one example directly. This point can be
applied in a fairly consistent manner throughout the New
Testament. When passages are taken from their original
context in reference to God and applied to Jesus, they do
not equate the two any more than when passages are taken
from a context of others and applied in a similar way.
When
considering other examples context or the specific use of
the quote will often make it clear that application of the
text to the Messiah does not mean to equate him with the
original applicant. When it comes to text originally
applied to God, a careful examination of the texts use
will often reveal how this is the case. In certain quoted
texts we will find that “Lord” will be used contextually
in such a way that it can only be taken as a title though
used for the divine name in the Hebrew Scriptures.
Or it may be that the text, when applied to the Messiah,
will have a key grammatical modification that
significantly changes the meaning so as to make it
applicable to the him.
A future
article will discuss several texts that are display these
characteristics in detail.
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